Using Proximity of Trash Cans and Ash Trays to Increase Convenience of Separating Litter in a Blacksburg, Virginia Shopping Mall

Cases
Geller, E. S., Brasted, W. S. & Mann, M. F. (1979). Waste receptacle designs as interventions for litter control. Journal of Environmental Systems, 9, 2, 145-160.
A literature review revealed different interventions used in reducing the amount of litter at a Virginia shopping mall. A pilot program was then designed to investigate the effect…

The Effects of Sign Prompts and Large Receptacles on Highway Littering in Richmond, Virginia

Cases
Finnie, W. C. (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environment and Behavior, 5, 2, 123-144.
After conducting a literature review, sign prompts and waster receptacles were employed in a pilot program for highway litter control. There were three conditions in the pilot pro…

Behavioral Strategies to Reduce Cigarette Litter

Articles
Cope, J. G., Huffman, K. T., Allred, L. J. & Grossnickle, W. F. (1993). Behavioral strategies to reduce cigarette litter. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 4, 607-619.
Determined in 2 experiments whether an increased number of ashtrays available in a particular location would reduce ground accumulations of cigarette litter and whether decorated …

The Link between Recycling and Litter: A Field Study

Articles
Reams, M. A., Geaghan, J. P., & Gendron, R. C. (1996). The link between recycling and litter: A field study. Environment and Behavior, 28, 1, 92-110.
Determine whether residential recycling programs introduced an additional benefit (reduced litter) and evaluated the proposition that such programs should impart to participants a…

Litter Reduction: A Review and Integration of the Literature. Special Issue: Litter Control and Recycling

Articles
Huffman, K. T., Grossnickle, W. F., Cope, J. G., & Huffman, K. P. (1995). Litter reduction: A review and integration of the literature. Special Issue: Litter control and recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27, 2, 153-183.
Examined 40 articles and 59 studies that employed either an antecedent strategy (ATS) or consequence strategy (CQS) to integrate behavioral and social changes in communities and i…

An Evaluation of Three Litter Control Procedures - Trash Receptacles, Paid Workers, and the Marked Item Technique

Articles
Bacon-Prue, A., Blount, R., Pickering, D., & Drabman, R. S. (1980). An evaluation of three litter control procedures - trash receptacles, paid workers, and the marked item technique. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 1, 165-170.
Assessed the effectiveness of 3 litter (L) control procedures on the grounds of a residential facility for the mentally retarded. 57 areas were divided into 5 groups according to …

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