Prominent Factors Influencing Environmental Activities: Application of the Environmental Leadership Model (ELM). Special Issue: Leadership for Environmental and Social Change
Flannery, B. L., & May, D. R. Prominent factors influencing environmental activities: Application of the Environmental Leadership Model (ELM). Special Issue: Leadership for environmental and social change. Vol. 5. 1994. 201-221.
Presents the ELM, which specifies 4 prominent antecedents to an organization's environmental strategic formulation process. These factors include (1) moral norms and values for environmental responsibility, (2) the environmental attitudes of the CEO and top management, (3) stakeholder influences, and (4) perceived behavioral control of the firm by technological, financial, and regulatory constraints. It is proposed that the environmental strategy of an organization directs its pro-environmental behaviors. The model was applied in a waste management company using the case methodology advocated by K. M. Eisenhardt (see PA, Vol 77:8716). Themes and examples became readily apparent for each of the antecedents outlined in the model. Primary factors included the CEO's values and attitudes toward environmental protection along with the concern for the communities and regulators as company stakeholders.
