Travel Mode Choice of Women: The Result of Limitation, Ecological Norm, or Weak Habit?
Matthies, E., Kuhn, S., & Klöckner, C. (2002). Travel mode choice of women: The result of limitation, ecological norm, or weak habit?. Environment and Behavior, 34(2), 163-177. doi:10.1177/0013916502034002001.
Examines a model of travel mode choice that is able to explain gender differences in the willingness to reduce car use. By means of a survey among 187 inhabitants (101 males and 86 females) of a German city, the hypothesis is tested that women are more willing to reduce car use (intention to reduce car use, preference for public transport, and actual travel mode choice for a given trip) because of their stronger ecological norms and weaker car habits. Results confirm women's greater willingness and the mediating role of norm and habit in the intention to reduce car use and in the actual travel mode choice but not with regard to the preference rating. The intention to reduce car use is mainly influenced by the ecological norm, whereas actual travel behavior is more strongly influenced by habit.
