Focus Groups or Other Studies Regarding Cigarette Butt Litter

One of our regulated stormwater comunities has decided to tackle cigarette butt litter but they have no social marketing research data such as focus groups, phone surveys or anything else. They would like to know barriers, incentives and words that work. Does anyone know of any such research and willing to share?

Thanks

Kathy Hoppe
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
United States