Cost and Effectiveness of Litter Removal Procedures in an Amusement Park

Articles
Casey, L. & Lloyd, M. (1977). Cost and effectiveness of litter removal procedures in an amusement park. Environment and Behavior, 9, 4, 535-546.
Evaluated a reinforcement procedure designed to facilitate litter removal in an amusement park. A constantly changing population of vacationing children of varying ages was offere…

Resource Recovery: Use of a Group Contingency to Increase Paper Recycling in an Elementary School

Articles
Hamad, C. D., Cooper, D. & Semb, G. (1977). Resource recovery: Use of a group contingency to increase paper recycling in an elementary school. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 6, 768-772.
Recycling has been suggested as a means for replenishing dwindling energy supplies, reducing solid waste accumulation, and conserving natural resource bases. In the present study,…

Gasoline Conservation: A Procedure for Measuring and Reducing the Driving of College Students

Articles
Foxx, R. M. & Hake, D. F. (1977). Gasoline conservation: A procedure for measuring and reducing the driving of college students. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 1, 61-74.
Sought to motivate college students to reduce the number of miles they drove each day and thus save gasoline. The 12 experimental Ss were offered various combinations of prizes su…

Using Group Contingencies to Reduce Natural Gas Consumption in Master Metered Apartments

Articles
Slavin, R. E. & Wodarski, J. S. (1977). Center for Social Organization of Schools Report, Johns Hopkins U. Using group contingencies to reduce natural gas consumption in master metered apartments. (pp. 16).
Examined the effectiveness of large vs small group contingencies in reducing the natural gas consumption of apartment residents who did not pay for their utilities. Results show t…

Promoting Gasoline Conservation: The Effects of Reinforcement Schedule, a Leader, and Self-Recording

Articles
Hake, D.F. & Foxx, R. M. (1978). Promoting gasoline conservation: The effects of reinforcement schedule, a leader, and self-recording. Behavior Modification, 2, 3, 339-370.
Replicated a previous procedure developed by the authors for reducing driving and extended it to increase its potential for wide use. Two groups, reinforcement and self-recording,…

Responding to Environmental Concerns: What Factors Guide Individual Action?

Articles
Axelrod, L. J. & Lehman, D. R. (1993). Responding to environmental concerns: What factors guide individual action? . Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 2, 149-159.
Examined the motivational role played by 3 classes of outcomes (tangible rewards, social acceptance, and acting in accordance with one's principles) in predicting environmentally …

Consumer Adaptation to Gasoline Price Increases

Articles
Pitts, R. E., Willenborg, J. F. & Sherrell, D. L. (1981). Consumer adaptation to gasoline price increases. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 3, 322-330.
Results from the present longitudinal study provide new evidence on household response to gasoline price increases from 1973 to 1979. 260 household members of a consumer panel exh…

A Community-Based Gasoline Conservation Project: Practical and Methodological Considerations

Articles
Hake, D. F. & Zane, T. (1981). A community-based gasoline conservation project: Practical and methodological considerations. Behavior Modification, 5, 4, 435-458.
Tested whether a community-based project, as opposed to previous college-based or one-location based studies, was feasible in terms of recruiting participants, their cooperativene…

A Company-Based Lottery to Reduce the Personal Driving of Employees

Articles
Foxx, R. M. & Schaeffer, M. H. (1981). A company-based lottery to reduce the personal driving of employees. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, 3, 273-285.
83 employees of a research and consulting firm were divided into experimental and contrast groups. The experimental design involved a baseline in which no consequences were attach…

An Opportunistic Field Experiment in Community Water Conservation

Articles
Watson, R. K., Murphy, M. H., Kilfoyle, F. E. & Moore, S. M. (1999). An opportunistic field experiment in community water conservation. Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 20, 6, 545-560.
This quasi-experimental, 7-yr study evaluated the effectiveness of an educative vs a price-structuring approach to the strategic management of domestic water consumption. The Know…

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