The Cognitive and Emotional Components of Behavior Norms in Outdoor Recreation

Articles
Heywood, J. (2002). The cognitive and emotional components of behavior norms in outdoor recreation. Leisure Sciences, 24(3-4), 271-281. doi:10.1080/01490400290050727.
Behavioral norms consist of 2 components: a cognitive component of obligation that is the memory repository of social standards, and an emotional component of sanctions that are t…

Social Norms in Outdoor Recreation: Searching for the Behavior-Condition Link

Articles
Heywood, J., & Murdock, W. (2002). Social norms in outdoor recreation: Searching for the behavior-condition link. Leisure Sciences, 24(3-4), 283-295. doi:10.1080/01490400290050745.
Social norms for encounters and setting conditions have been an important area of outdoor recreation research for the past 30 yrs. An important research assumption, based on J. Ja…

Two Challenges to a Moral Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior: Moral Norms and Just World Beliefs in Conservationism

Articles
Kaiser, F., & Scheuthle, H. (2003). Two challenges to a moral extension of the theory of planned behavior: Moral norms and just world beliefs in conservationism. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1033-1048. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00316-1.
The present paper employs a new approach to testing the sufficiency of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in understanding intentions to behave ecologically. Based on two panel …

An Analysis of Intentions to Recycle Household Waste: The Roles of Past Behaviour, Perceived Habit, and Perceived Lack of Facilities

Articles
Knussen, C., Yule, F., MacKenzie, J., & Wells, M. (2004). An analysis of intentions to recycle household waste: The roles of past behaviour, perceived habit, and perceived lack of facilities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 237-246. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.001.
The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to guide an analysis of intentions to recycle household waste in a geographical area (Glasgow, Scotland) with relatively poor recycl…

What Makes Customers Bring Their Bags or Buy Bags from the Shop?: A Survey of Customers at a Taiwan Hypermarket

Articles
Lam, S., & Chen, J. (2006). What Makes Customers Bring Their Bags or Buy Bags from the Shop?: A Survey of Customers at a Taiwan Hypermarket. Environment and Behavior, 38(3), 318-332. doi:10.1177/0013916505278327.
The Taiwan government had implemented a restriction policy to cut down the overuse of plastic shopping bags. Under this policy, hypermarkets and many other stores are prohibited f…

Role of Group Orientation and Descriptive Norms on Water Conservation Attitudes and Behaviors

Articles
Lapinski, M., Rimal, R., DeVries, R., & Lee, E. (2007). Role of group orientation and descriptive norms on water conservation attitudes and behaviors. Health Communication, 22(2), 133-142.
Social norms have been shown to impact behaviors, but with mixed results. The theory of normative social behavior delineates factors that moderate the relationship between descrip…

Recycling: Planned and Self-expressive Behaviour

Articles
Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., & Livi, S. (2004). Recycling: Planned and self-expressive behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 227-236. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.01.002.
Motivations to recycle have been extensively studied adopting an attitude approach and, in particular, the theory of planned behaviour frame (TPB Ajzen, 1998, 1991). However, seve…

Behavioral Determinants of Household Recycling Participation: The Portuguese Case

Articles
Valle, P., Reis, E., Menezes, J., & Rebelo, E. (2004). Behavioral Determinants of Household Recycling Participation: The Portuguese Case. Environment and Behavior, 36(4), 505-540. doi:10.1177/0013916503260892.
Recycling is an effective resource-recovery mechanism with significant economic and environmental benefits. The success of the Portuguese Integrated System of Packaging Waste Mana…

On Being Both With Us and Against Us: A Normative Conflict Model of Dissent in Social Groups

Articles
Packer, D. (2008). On being both with us and against us: A normative conflict model of dissent in social groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 50-72. doi:10.1177/1088868307309606.
Although past research has demonstrated a positive relationship between collective identification and normative conformity, there may be circumstances in which strongly identified…

Moving Toward a Theory of Normative Influences: How Perceived Benefits and Similarity Moderate the Impact of Descriptive Norms on Behaviors

Articles
Rimal, R., Lapinski, M., Cook, R., & Real, K. (2005). Moving toward a theory of normative influences: How perceived benefits and similarity moderate the impact of descriptive norms on behaviors. Journal of Health Communication, 10(5), 433-450. doi:10.1080/10810730591009880.
In recent years researchers have focused attention on understanding the role of normative factors in influencing behaviors. Although there is some evidence to support the idea tha…

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