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The Evaluation of Litter Behavior Modification in a River Environment

Articles
Wagstaff, M. C. & Wilson, B. E. (1988). The evaluation of litter behavior modification in a river environment. Journal of Environmental Education, 20, 1, 39-44.
Evaluated the use of behavioral techniques in modifying the litter collection behavior of commercial rafting groups. 87 treatment Ss and 76 control Ss participated. A verbal appea…

Can One Make a Difference? Exploring the Differential Effects of Norm Salience and the Self-Monitoring Trait on the Norm Focus Theory's Application to Recycling Behavior

Articles
Dakin, S. A. Can one make a difference? Exploring the differential effects of norm salience and the self-monitoring trait on the Norm Focus Theory's application to recycling behavior. Vol. 56. 1998.
This study tested the Norm Focus Theory in the realm of recycling behavior. Results supported the theory's major tenet that making a social norm salient will produce behavior in a…

Effective Public Service Announcements: Linking Social Norms to Visual Memory Cues

Articles
Bator, R. J. (1997). Effective public service announcements: Linking social norms to visual memory cues. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 58, 6-B,
The purpose of this research was to create and test the effectiveness of antilittering public service announcements (PSAs) that linked different types of visual cues to social dis…

The Effects of Recognition and Group Need on Volunteerism: A Social Norm Perspective

Articles
Fisher, Robert J; Ackerman, David. (1998). The effects of recognition and group need on volunteerism: A social norm perspective. . Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 3, 262-275.
The significance of volunteering for both individuals and society has lead to numerous studies on this behavior across the social sciences. However, virtually no prior researc…

Students as Catalysts of Environmental Change: A Framework for Researching Intergenerational Influence through Environmental Education

Articles
Ballantyne, R., Connell, S., & Fien, J. (2006). Students as Catalysts of Environmental Change: A Framework for Researching Intergenerational Influence through Environmental Education. Environmental Education Research, 12, 413-427.
Many environmental problems are desperately in need of attention. Educating both adults and young people is seen as part of the solution to such problems. Given this situation, an…

An Analysis of Normative Messages in Signs at Recreation Settings

Articles
Winter, Patricia L.; Cialdini, Robert B.; Bator, Renee J.; Rhoads, Kelton; Sagarin, Brad J. (1998). An Analysis of Normative Messages in Signs at Recreation Settings. Journal of Interpretation Research, 3, 1, 39-47.
A systematic evaluation of signs and messages at 42 recreation areas in California and Arizona focused on type of site, managing agency, density of message locales, sign attribute…

Using Normative Social Influence to Promote Conservation Among Hotel Guests

Articles
Schultz, P. W., Khazian, A., Zaleski, A. (2008). Using normative social influence to promote conservation among hotel guests. Social Influence, 3(1), 4-23.
Three field experiments are reported on the ability of printed normative messages to influence conservation behavior among hotel guests. While prior research has shown that social…

The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms

Articles
Schultz P. W., Nolan J. M., Cialdini R. B., Goldstein N. J., Griskevicius Vladas (2007). The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429-434.
Despite a long tradition of effectiveness in laboratory tests, normative messages have had mixed success in changing behavior in field contexts, with some studies showing boomeran…

The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network

Articles
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2008). The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(21) 2249-2258.
Background: The prevalence of smoking has decreased substantially in the United States over the past 30 years. We examined the extent of the person-to-person spread of smoking beh…

Effective Dissemination of Energy-Related Information: Applying Social Psychology and Evaluation Research

Articles
Dennis, M., Soderstrom, E.J., Koncinski, W.S., Cavanaugh, B. (1990). Effective Dissemination of Energy-Related Information: Applying Social Psychology and Evaluation Research. American Psychologist, 45(10), 1109.
Discusses the limitations of previous energy conservation programs in affecting the behavior of individual consumers. Suggests that the rational-economic model upon which they wer…

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