What Makes Customers Bring Their Bags or Buy Bags from the Shop?: A Survey of Customers at a Taiwan Hypermarket

Articles
Lam, S., & Chen, J. (2006). What Makes Customers Bring Their Bags or Buy Bags from the Shop?: A Survey of Customers at a Taiwan Hypermarket. Environment and Behavior, 38(3), 318-332. doi:10.1177/0013916505278327.
The Taiwan government had implemented a restriction policy to cut down the overuse of plastic shopping bags. Under this policy, hypermarkets and many other stores are prohibited f…

Role of Group Orientation and Descriptive Norms on Water Conservation Attitudes and Behaviors

Articles
Lapinski, M., Rimal, R., DeVries, R., & Lee, E. (2007). Role of group orientation and descriptive norms on water conservation attitudes and behaviors. Health Communication, 22(2), 133-142.
Social norms have been shown to impact behaviors, but with mixed results. The theory of normative social behavior delineates factors that moderate the relationship between descrip…

Recycling: Planned and Self-expressive Behaviour

Articles
Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., & Livi, S. (2004). Recycling: Planned and self-expressive behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(2), 227-236. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.01.002.
Motivations to recycle have been extensively studied adopting an attitude approach and, in particular, the theory of planned behaviour frame (TPB Ajzen, 1998, 1991). However, seve…

Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior

Articles
Harland, P., Staats, H. & Wilke-Henk, A. M. (1999). Explaining proenvironmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 12, 2505-2528.
The value of personal norms (S. H. Schwartz, 1977) for proenvironmental behavior has been demonstrated in previous studies (J. Vining and A. Ebreo, 1992), but not in addition to t…

Can One Make a Difference? Exploring the Differential Effects of Norm Salience and the Self-Monitoring Trait on the Norm Focus Theory's Application to Recycling Behavior

Articles
Dakin, S. A. Can one make a difference? Exploring the differential effects of norm salience and the self-monitoring trait on the Norm Focus Theory's application to recycling behavior. Vol. 56. 1998.
This study tested the Norm Focus Theory in the realm of recycling behavior. Results supported the theory's major tenet that making a social norm salient will produce behavior in a…

The Effects of Recognition and Group Need on Volunteerism: A Social Norm Perspective

Articles
Fisher, Robert J; Ackerman, David. (1998). The effects of recognition and group need on volunteerism: A social norm perspective. . Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 3, 262-275.
The significance of volunteering for both individuals and society has lead to numerous studies on this behavior across the social sciences. However, virtually no prior researc…

Using Normative Social Influence to Promote Conservation Among Hotel Guests

Articles
Schultz, P. W., Khazian, A., Zaleski, A. (2008). Using normative social influence to promote conservation among hotel guests. Social Influence, 3(1), 4-23.
Three field experiments are reported on the ability of printed normative messages to influence conservation behavior among hotel guests. While prior research has shown that social…

The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms

Articles
Schultz P. W., Nolan J. M., Cialdini R. B., Goldstein N. J., Griskevicius Vladas (2007). The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429-434.
Despite a long tradition of effectiveness in laboratory tests, normative messages have had mixed success in changing behavior in field contexts, with some studies showing boomeran…

The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network

Articles
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2008). The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(21) 2249-2258.
Background: The prevalence of smoking has decreased substantially in the United States over the past 30 years. We examined the extent of the person-to-person spread of smoking beh…

Social Norms: An Underestimated and Underemployed Lever for Managing Climate Change

Articles
Griskevicius,V., Cialdini, R.B., and Goldstein, N.J. (2008). Social Norms: An Underestimated and Underemployed Lever for Managing Climate Change. International Journal for Sustainability Communication, 3, 5-13.
It is widely recognized that communications that make social norms salient can be effective in influencing behavior. What is surprising, given the strength of the evidence, is how…

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