Comparing Normative Influences as Determinants of Environmentally Conscious Behaviours Between the USA and Japan

Articles
Ando, K., Ohnuma, S., & Chang, E. (2007). Comparing normative influences as determinants of environmentally conscious behaviours between the USA and Japan. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10(3), 171-178. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00223.x.
The present study explored the influences of subjective and descriptive norms on environmentally conscious behaviours between the USA and Japan. It was predicted that subjective n…

The Bystander Effect and Social Control Behavior: The Effect of the Presence of Others on Peoples Reactions to Norm Violations

Articles
Chekroun, P., & Brauer, M. (2002). The bystander effect and social control behavior: The effect of the presence of others on people's reactions to norm violations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(6), 853-866. doi:10.1002/ejsp.126.
Three field studies were conducted to explore the influence of the number of bystander-observers on the likelihood of social control. We predicted that the presence of others woul…

Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment

Articles
Cialdini, R. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(4), 105-109. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01242.
It is widely recognized that communications that activate social norms can be effective in producing societally beneficial conduct. Not so well recognized are the circumstances un…

Internal and External Barriers to Eco-conscious Apparel Acquisition

Articles
Connell, K. (2010). Internal and external barriers to eco-conscious apparel acquisition. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 34(3), 279-286. doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00865.x.
Apparel consumption is a contributing cause of environmental change, and environmental integrity requires the encouragement of eco-conscious apparel acquisition. Unfortunately, am…

Pollution Reduction Preferences of U.S. Environmental Managers: Applying Ajzens Theory of Planned Behavior

Articles
Cordano, M., & Frieze, I. (2000). Pollution reduction preferences of U.S. environmental managers: Applying Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 627-641. doi:10.2307/1556358.
Modified I. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to analyze the behavioral preferences of 295 environmental managers. Ss were surveyed and structural equation analysis was used to l…

Persuasive Trash Cans: Activation of Littering Norms by Design

Articles
de Kort, Y., McCalley, L., & Midden, C. (2008). Persuasive trash cans: Activation of littering norms by design. Environment and Behavior, 40(6), 870-891. doi:10.1177/0013916507311035.
Two studies tested littering norm activation by trash can design. The first was a scenario study using a 4 (norm type: social injunctive vs. social descriptive vs. personal vs. co…

Altruistic, Egoistic, and Normative Effects on Curbside Recycling

Articles
Ewing, G. (2001). Altruistic, egoistic, and normative effects on curbside recycling. Environment and Behavior, 33(6), 733-764. doi:10.1177/00139160121973223.
Notes that how altruistic, normative, and egoistic factors affect households' participation in curbside recycling has been shown to depend on how participation is measured. A stud…

The Cognitive and Emotional Components of Behavior Norms in Outdoor Recreation

Articles
Heywood, J. (2002). The cognitive and emotional components of behavior norms in outdoor recreation. Leisure Sciences, 24(3-4), 271-281. doi:10.1080/01490400290050727.
Behavioral norms consist of 2 components: a cognitive component of obligation that is the memory repository of social standards, and an emotional component of sanctions that are t…

Social Norms in Outdoor Recreation: Searching for the Behavior-Condition Link

Articles
Heywood, J., & Murdock, W. (2002). Social norms in outdoor recreation: Searching for the behavior-condition link. Leisure Sciences, 24(3-4), 283-295. doi:10.1080/01490400290050745.
Social norms for encounters and setting conditions have been an important area of outdoor recreation research for the past 30 yrs. An important research assumption, based on J. Ja…

Understanding Air Force Members' Intentions to Participate in Pro-environmental Behaviors: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Articles
Laudenslager, M., Holt, D., & Lofgren, S. (2004). Understanding air force members' intentions to participate in pro-environmental behaviors: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 98(3,Pt2), 1162-1170. doi:10.2466/PMS.98.4.1162-1170.
At a single installation, a cross section of 307 active duty Air Force members completed questionnaires to assess whether the theory of planned behavior was useful in explaining t…

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