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The Evaluation of Litter Behavior Modification in a River Environment

Articles
Wagstaff, M. C. & Wilson, B. E. (1988). The evaluation of litter behavior modification in a river environment. Journal of Environmental Education, 20, 1, 39-44.
Evaluated the use of behavioral techniques in modifying the litter collection behavior of commercial rafting groups. 87 treatment Ss and 76 control Ss participated. A verbal appea…

Application and Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Pollution: Behavioral Control of Littering in a Football Stadium

Articles
Baltes, M. M. & Hayward, S. C. (1976). Application and evaluation of strategies to reduce pollution: Behavioral control of littering in a football stadium. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 4, 501-506.
Attempted to modify adult littering behavior in a naturalistic setting: the football stadium. Four different treatment strategies were used: (a) an operant contingency in the form…

Environmental Interventions for Litter Control

Articles
Geller, E. S., Witmer, J. F. & Tuso, M. A. (1977). Environmental interventions for litter control.. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 3, 344-351.
In 2 experiments, customers entering a grocery store were given a handbill listing specially priced items, and later the disposal locations of handbills left in the store were rec…

Field and Laboratory Studies of Littering

Articles
Krauss, R. M. & Freedman, J. L. & Whitcup, M. (1978). Field and laboratory studies of littering. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 1, 109-122.
Reports 2 field and 2 laboratory experiments on littering behavior. In Exp I, observations of 1,765 Ss at 9 locations in the New York City area showed that littering rates varied …

An Experimental Analysis of Electricity Conservation Procedures

Articles
Palmer, M. H., Lloyd, M. E. & Lloyd, K. E. (1977). An experimental analysis of electricity conservation procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 4, 665-671.
Recorded the daily electricity consumption of 4 suburban families for 106 days. A reversal design, consisting of various experimental conditions interspersed between repeated base…

Decelerating Environmentally Destructive Lawn-Walking

Articles
Hayes, S. C. & Cone, J. D. (1977). Decelerating environmentally destructive lawn-walking. Environment and Behavior, 9, 4, 511-534.
Three general strategies (response difficulty, chaining, and prompting) were used to generate 6 interventions to decrease lawn walking in a park. Interventions were evaluated in s…

Public Policy and Consumer Information: Impact of the New Energy Labels

Articles
McNeill, D. L. & Wilkie, W. L. (1979). Public policy and consumer information: Impact of the new energy labels. Journal of Consumer Research, 6, 1, 1-11.
Investigated 2 questions about the federal energy consumption labeling program for home appliances: (a) the likely impact of the labels on consumers and (b) the relative effect of…

Designing Effective Instructional Signs with Schema Theory: Case Studies of Polystyrene Recycling

Articles
Werner, C. M., Rhodes, M.U. & Partain, K. K. (1998). Designing effective instructional signs with schema theory: Case studies of polystyrene recycling. Environment and Behavior, 30, 5, 709-735.
Two studies supported the hypothesis that signs designed to create a new polystyrene schema would be more effective than signs that did not address patrons' existing schemata. Sch…

Using Verbal and Visual Prompts to Control Littering in High Schools

Articles
Houghton, S. (1993). Using verbal and visual prompts to control littering in high schools. Educational Studies, 19, 3, 247-254.
Investigated the use of verbal and visual prompts to control litter behavior of students in 2 Western Australian high schools. 1,750 students participated in the study. Data were …

The Unintended Effects of a Posted Sign on Littering Attitudes and Stated Intentions

Articles
Horsley, A. D. (1988). The unintended effects of a posted sign on littering attitudes and stated intentions. Journal of Environmental Education, 19, 3, 10-14.
The effects of an anti-littering sign that read "We treat litterbugs like all insects" were compared with those for a sign that read "Please save our landscape; don't litter." Ss …

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