An Opportunistic Field Experiment in Community Water Conservation

Articles
Watson, R. K., Murphy, M. H., Kilfoyle, F. E. & Moore, S. M. (1999). An opportunistic field experiment in community water conservation. Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 20, 6, 545-560.
This quasi-experimental, 7-yr study evaluated the effectiveness of an educative vs a price-structuring approach to the strategic management of domestic water consumption. The Know…

What Makes a Recycler? A Comparison of Recyclers and Nonrecyclers

Articles
Vining, J., & Ebreo, A. What makes a recycler? A comparison of recyclers and nonrecyclers. Vol. 22. 1990. 55-73.
Investigated differences between 110 recyclers (RCs) and 87 nonrecyclers (NRCs) in 2 areas: (1) recycling knowledge and motives and (2) demographic characteristics. RCs in general…

Litter Reduction: How Effective is the New York State Bottle Bill?

Articles
Levitt, L., & Leventhal, G. (1986). Litter reduction: How effective is the New York State Bottle Bill?. Environment and Behavior, 18, 4, 467-479.
Examined the effectiveness of the anti-litter New York Bottle Bill by using a multiple-time series design in which 7 observations of the number of returnable and nonreturnable bot…

Consumer/Voter Behavior in the Passage of the Michigan Container Law

Articles
Crosby, L. A., Gill, J. D., & Taylor, J. R. (1981). Consumer/voter behavior in the passage of the Michigan container law. Journal of Marketing, 45, 2, 19-32.
The landslide victory of Michigan's bottle bill by popular vote contradicts previous findings regarding the small size of the ecologically concerned consumer segment. A survey of…

Implementing Garbage User Fees in Ontario

Articles
RCO Workshop Proceedings (1996). Implementing garbage user fees in Ontario. Toronto, ON: Recycling Council of Ontario.

Application and Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Pollution: Behavioral Control of Littering in a Football Stadium

Articles
Baltes, M. M. & Hayward, S. C. (1976). Application and evaluation of strategies to reduce pollution: Behavioral control of littering in a football stadium. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 4, 501-506.
Attempted to modify adult littering behavior in a naturalistic setting: the football stadium. Four different treatment strategies were used: (a) an operant contingency in the form…

Anti-Litter Procedures in an Urban High-Density Area

Articles
Chapman, C. & Risley, T. R. (1974). Anti-litter procedures in an urban high-density area. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 3, 377-383.
Notes that in urban high-density areas, litter has become an increasingly obvious and pervasive problem. In the present study, repeated measures of the amount of litter on randoml…

Consumer Adaptation to Gasoline Price Increases

Articles
Pitts, R. E., Willenborg, J. F. & Sherrell, D. L. (1981). Consumer adaptation to gasoline price increases. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 3, 322-330.
Results from the present longitudinal study provide new evidence on household response to gasoline price increases from 1973 to 1979. 260 household members of a consumer panel exh…

A Community-Based Gasoline Conservation Project: Practical and Methodological Considerations

Articles
Hake, D. F. & Zane, T. (1981). A community-based gasoline conservation project: Practical and methodological considerations. Behavior Modification, 5, 4, 435-458.
Tested whether a community-based project, as opposed to previous college-based or one-location based studies, was feasible in terms of recruiting participants, their cooperativene…

The Price of a Price: On the Crowding Out and In of Social Norms

Articles
Janssen, M., & Mendys-Kamphorst, E. (2004). The price of a price: On the crowding out and in of social norms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55(3), 377-395. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2002.11.004.
We study the impact of financial incentives on social approval, showing that in a society with altruists and egoists, who all care about social approval, introducing financial inc…

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