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Prompts and Posted Feedback: In Search of an Effective Method of Litter Control

Articles
Dixon, R. S., Knott, T., Rowsell, H. & Sheldon, L. (1992). Prompts and posted feedback: In search of an effective method of litter control. Behaviour Change, 9, 1, 2-7.
Compared the effectiveness of prompts (PRs [signs]) and posted feedback (PFB) as litter control strategies in 2 university cafeterias. Patronage and litter rates were monitored da…

Application and Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Pollution: Behavioral Control of Littering in a Football Stadium

Articles
Baltes, M. M. & Hayward, S. C. (1976). Application and evaluation of strategies to reduce pollution: Behavioral control of littering in a football stadium. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 4, 501-506.
Attempted to modify adult littering behavior in a naturalistic setting: the football stadium. Four different treatment strategies were used: (a) an operant contingency in the form…

Anti-Litter Procedures in an Urban High-Density Area

Articles
Chapman, C. & Risley, T. R. (1974). Anti-litter procedures in an urban high-density area. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 3, 377-383.
Notes that in urban high-density areas, litter has become an increasingly obvious and pervasive problem. In the present study, repeated measures of the amount of litter on randoml…

Littering Behavior in Public Places

Articles
Robinson, S. N. (1976). Littering behavior in public places. Environment and Behavior, 8, 3, 363-384.
Reviews and summarizes the present state of knowledge concerning littering behavior by categorizing available studies according to 4 major variables that influence littering--demo…

Norms of Social Conduct and the Foot-in-the-Door

Articles
Kilbourne, B. K. & Kilbourne, M. T. (1984). Norms of social conduct and the foot-in-the-door. Journal of Social Psychology, 123, 1, 13-20.
Using an account analysis (giving excuses or justifications for compliance or noncompliance) to indicate the operation of social norms, the foot-in-the-door (FITD) paradigm was in…

Attitude Change and Information Integration in Fear Appeals

Articles
Rogers, R. W. (1985). Attitude change and information integration in fear appeals. Psychological Reports, 56, 1, 179-182.
Investigated the combinatorial rule individuals use to integrate information about the components of a fear appeal. 89 undergraduates were presented with information about a hypot…

The Transsituational Influence of Social Norms

Articles
Reno, R. R., Cialdini, R. B. & Kallgren, C. A. (1993). The transsituational influence of social norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1, 104-112.
Three studies examined the behavioral implications of a conceptual distinction between 2 types of social norms: descriptive norms, which specify what is typically done in a given …

Ecologically Friendly Buying--Theoretical Implications of a Phenomenological Perspective

Articles
Soler, C. (1996). Ecologically friendly buying--theoretical implications of a phenomenological perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12, 3, 275-289.
Presents an alternative approach to the study of ecologically friendly buying. The results of an empirical pilot study of 47 consumers are presented, showing that personal experie…

The Demographics of Recycling and the Structure of Environmental Behavior

Articles
Berger, I. E. (1997). The demographics of recycling and the structure of environmental behavior. Environment and Behavior, 29, 4, 515-531.
The influence of socioeconomic and demographic variables on environmentally responsible behaviors is examined. Analysis of questionnaire data compiled by Statistics Canada from 43…

Littering: A New Unobtrusive Measure of Attitude

Articles
Cialdini, R. B. & Baumann, D. J. (1981). Littering: A new unobtrusive measure of attitude. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 3, 254-259.
In Exp I, 227 voters' choices of presidential candidate were assessed, and their decisions to litter a parking lot with a campaign flier placed on their car windshield were observ…

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