A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do Not Affect Behavior

Articles
Kallgren, C., Reno, R., & Cialdini, R. (2000). A focus theory of normative conduct: When norms do and do not affect behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(8), 1002-1012. doi:10.1177/01461672002610009.
Investigated the role of injuctive norm-focus procedures in the generation of socially desirable conduct. The authors also examined factors that might alter the relationship betwe…

Where Do Social Norms Come From?

Articles
Kameda, T., Takezawa, M., & Hastie, R. (2005). Where do social norms come from?: The example of communal sharing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 331-334. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00392.x.
Where do social norms come from? Part of the answer must surely lie in such norms' ability to support individual adaptive success in local ecologies. This theme is dominant in ana…

From Innovation to Social Norm: Bounded Normative Influence

Articles
Kincaid, D. (2004). From Innovation to Social Norm: Bounded Normative Influence. Journal of Health Communication, 9(Suppl1), 37-57. doi:10.1080/10810730490271511.
Correction: Every innovation begins as a deviation from existing social norms. Given the strong effect of social norms and pressure, how can any innovation ever diffuse to the poi…

Egocentric Bias or Information Management? Selective Disclosure and the Social Roots of Norm Misperception

Articles
Kitts, J. (2003). Egocentric bias or information management? Selective disclosure and the social roots of norm misperception. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66(3), 222-237. doi:10.2307/1519823.
This paper reports on biases in group members' inferences about collective support for group norms. Whereas theories of "looking glass perception" suggest a tendency to project ou…

An Explication of Social Norms

Articles
Lapinski, M., & Rimal, R. (2005). An Explication of Social Norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127-147. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x.
This article identifies four factors for consideration in norms-based research to enhance the predictive ability of theoretical models. First, it makes the distinction between per…

Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior

Articles
Lindenberg, S., & Steg, L. (2007). Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 117-137. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00499.x.
This article discusses new developments about goal-dependent framing and multiple goal frames (sometimes also called "multiple motives"), which are highly relevant for understandi…

Cross-Culture Comparative Research on Social Norms

Articles
Ling, W., Zheng, X., & Fang, L. (2003). Cross-culture comparative research on social norms. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 35(2), 246-254.
Compared social norms of Chinese, Japanese, and American residents. 1,434 Beijing residents, 608 Osaka residents, and 1,409 Los Angeles residents completed questionnaires. Results…

The Moderating Effect of Conformism Values on the Relations between other Personal Values, Social Norms, Moral Obligation, and Single Altruistic Behaviours

Articles
Lönnqvist, J., Walkowitz, G., Wichardt, P., Lindeman, M., & Verkasalo, M. (2009). The moderating effect of conformism values on the relations between other personal values, social norms, moral obligation, and single altruistic behaviours. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(3), 525-546. doi:10.1348/014466608X377396.
Three studies predicted and found that the individual’s conformism values are one determinant of whether behaviour is guided by other personal values or by social norms. In Study …

Relationship Among Values, Beliefs, Norms and Ecological Behaviour

Articles
López, A., & Cuervo-Arango, M. (2008). Relationship among values, beliefs, norms and ecological behaviour. Psicothema, 20(4), 623-629.
The present study focuses mainly on the relationship between psychological constructs and ecological behaviour. Empirical analysis links personal values, ecological beliefs, conse…

The Effects of Subjective Norms on Behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A Meta-Analysis

Articles
Manning, M. (2009). The effects of subjective norms on behaviour in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(4), 649-705. doi:10.1348/014466608X393136.
A meta-analysis investigated the effects of perceived injunctive (IN) and descriptive (DN) norms on behaviour (BEH) within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in a sample of 196…

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