Comparing the Effects of Monetary Incentives and Foot-in-the-Door Strategies in Promoting Residential Electricity Conservation

Articles
Katzev, R. D., & Johnson, T. R. (1984). Comparing the effects of monetary incentives and foot-in-the-door strategies in promoting residential electricity conservation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14, 1, 12-27.
Investigated the relative effectiveness of incentive (monetary) and minimal justification (foot-in-the-door) techniques in promoting electrical energy conservation among 90 homeow…

Psychological Research for the New Energy Problems: Strategies and Opportunities

Articles
Kempton, W., Darley, J. M., & Stern, P. C. (1992). Psychological research for the new energy problems: Strategies and opportunities. American Psychologist, 47, 10, 1213-1223.
Recent concern with environmental problems has rekindled interest in energy conservation. To illustrate how psychologists can make useful contributions and how a changed energy si…

Promoting Energy Conservation in Master-Metered Apartments through Group Financial Incentives

Articles
McClelland, L., & Cook, S. W. (1980). Promoting energy conservation in master-metered apartments through group financial incentives. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 1, 20-31.
Describes an energy conservation program conducted among 4 groups of apartments (44-70 units/group) in a university-affiliated family housing complex. The winning group in each of…

Public Acceptance of Consumer Energy Conservation Strategies

Articles
Olsen, M. E. (1983). Public acceptance of consumer energy conservation strategies. Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 1-2, 183-196.
Investigated 6 alternative strategies for promoting energy conservation: financial incentives, community programs, efficiency standards, land-use changes, consumption limits, and …

Consumption Behaviors Hinge on Financial Self-Interest

Articles
O'Brien, T. P., & Zoumbaris, S. J. (1993). Consumption behaviors hinge on financial self-interest. American Psychologist, 48, 10, 1091-1092.
Comments on the W. Kempton et al (see PA, Vol 80:7794) analysis of the role of financial self-interest in energy consumption (EC). Kempton et al provided a misleading treatment of…

The Effectiveness of Incentives for Residential Energy Conservation

Articles
Stern, P. C., Aronson, E., Darley, J. M., Hill, D. H., Hirst, E., Kempton, W. & Wilbanks, T. J. (1985). The effectiveness of incentives for residential energy conservation. Evaluation Review, 10, 2, 147-176.
Studies evaluating incentive programs for residential energy efficiency are examined to assess the roles of the size and type of incentive and of nonfinancial aspects of the progr…

A Behavioral Model of Residential Energy Use

Articles
van-Raaij, W. F., & Verhallen, T. M. (1983). A behavioral model of residential energy use. Journal of Economic Psychology, 3, 1, 39-63.
Proposes a model that relates personal, environmental (e.g., home), and behavioral factors to energy use. This model is instrumental in relating variables that determine energy us…

Energy Demand Behavior in a Master-Metered Apartment Complex: An Experimental Analysis

Articles
Walker, J. M. (1979). Energy demand behavior in a master-metered apartment complex: An experimental analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 2, 190-196.
In a master-metered apartment complex, electricity use is metered at a single point for all tenants so that tenants do not pay energy bills based on their individual use. An exper…

Environmental Concern: The Development of a Measure

Articles
Weigel, R. & Weigel, J. (1978). Environmental concern: The development of a measure. Environment and Behavior, 10, 1, 3-15.
In a master-metered apartment complex, electricity use is metered at a single point for all tenants so that tenants do not pay energy bills based on their individual use. An exper…

Behavioral Interventions in Resource Conservation: A System Approach Based on Behavioral Economics

Articles
Winkler, R. C., & Winett, R. A. (1982). Behavioral interventions in resource conservation: A system approach based on behavioral economics. American Psychologist, 37, 4, 421-435.
Outlines some of the advantages of an integration of psychological (social-learning) and economic conceptualizations when developing behavioral interventions in resource conservat…

North America

Introductory Workshop

Jun 10th - 12th, 2026

Registration Ending Soon!
Learn More

Brisbane

Introductory Workshop

Oct 13th - 14th, 2026

Learn More

Perth

Introductory Workshop

Oct 19th - 20th, 2026

Learn More

Melbourne

Introductory & Advanced Workshops

Oct 27th - 30th, 2026

Learn More

Auckland

Introductory & Advanced Workshops

Nov 9th - 12th, 2026

Learn More
New 4TH Edition

Available Today!

Fostering Sustainable Behavior Book Cover

The latest edition of Fostering Sustainable Behavior features updated research, case studies, and practical strategies that can substantially impact the adoption of sustainable behaviors.

Site Courtesy of
McKenzie-Mohr & Associates

Expertise in Community-Based Social Marketing