Sensitizing People by Making the Abstract Concrete: Study of the Effect of "Hiroshima-Nagasaki: 1945"

Articles
Granberg, D. & Faye, N. (1972). Sensitizing people by making the abstract concrete: Study of the effect of "Hiroshima-Nagasaki: 1945.". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42, 5, 811-815.
The movie, Hiroshima-Nagasaki: 1945, was found to increase the anxiety regarding nuclear war, decrease the desire to survive a nuclear war, raise the sufficient provocation thres…

Willingness to Pay for Public Goods: A Test of the Contribution Model

Articles
Guagnano, G. A., Dietz, T., & Stern, P. C. (1994). Willingness to pay for public goods: A test of the contribution model. Psychological Science, 5, 6, 411-415.
Tested the hypothesis that stated willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental quality follows a contribution model rather than the purchase model that is more congenial to economic…

Ecological Stress: A Deadly Reminder

Articles
Kets-de-Vries, M. F. (1980). Ecological stress: A deadly reminder. Psychoanalytic Review, 67, 3, 389-408.
Examines the reactions of humanity to threatening ecological issues, including (1) the dynamics behind the recent proliferation of an "ecological conscience," (2) different reacti…

Protection Motivation and Self-Efficacy: A revised Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change

Articles
Maddux, J., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change.. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 5, 469-479.
Investigated the effects of fear appeals on persuasion in a factorial experiment that was designed to test a combined model of protection motivation theory and self-efficacy the…

Effects of Fear and Specificity of Recommendation upon Attitudes and behavior

Articles
Leventhal, H., Singer, R. & Jones, S. (1965). Effects of fear and specificity of recommendation upon attitudes and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 1, 20-29.
The study dealt with the effects of (a) level of fear and (b) specific plans for action vs. general recommendations on attitudes toward tetanus inoculations and actually getting t…

A Revised Scale for the Measurement of Ecological Attitudes and Knowledge

Articles
Maloney, M. P., Ward, M. P., & Braucht, G. N. (1975). A revised scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge. American Psychologist, 30, 7, 787-790.
Investigated the effects of fear appeals on persuasion in a factorial experiment that was designed to test a combined model of protection motivation theory and self-efficacy the…

A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change

Articles
Maddux, J., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change.. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 5, 469-479.
Proposes a protection motivation theory that postulates the 3 crucial components of a fear appeal to be (a) the magnitude of noxiousness of a depicted event, (b) the probability…

Reactance and Norm Appeal in Anti-Littering Messages

Articles
Reich, J. W., & Robertson, J. L. (1979). Reactance and norm appeal in anti-littering messages. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 1, 91-101.
Conducted 3 experiments with a total of 390 children (over age 10 yrs) patronizing public swimming pool concessions to test a model of how anti-littering messages vary in the kind…

Effects of Fear Appeals and Physiological Arousal upon Emotions, Attitudes, and Cigarette Smoking.

Articles
Rogers, R. W., & Deckner, C. W. (1975). Effects of fear appeals and physiological arousal upon emotions, attitudes, and cigarette smoking.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 2, 222-230.
Conducted 2 experiments to conceptually replicate S. Schachter's (1964) theory of the determinants of emotion and to test the feasibility of extending the theory to attitudes an…

Fear-Arousing and Empathy-Arousing Appeals to Help: The Pathos of Persuasion

Articles
Shelton, M. L., & Rogers, R. W. (1981). Fear-arousing and empathy-arousing appeals to help: The pathos of persuasion.. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 11, 4, 366-378.
Tested the proposition that the components of a fear appeal, which persuade people to protect themselves, are the same components that persuade them to protect others. Films showi…

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