Tools

Pay-As-You-Throw in Pennsylvania

Cases
To reduce waste, as well as promote recycling, many communities in Pennsylvania have implemented an incentive-based program known as Pay-As-You-Throw, or PAYT. With this program, …

WRAP (Waste Reduction Awards Program)

Cases
In California, businesses generate more than half the state's waste and thus, can play a significant role in helping local governments reduce the amount of garbage being diverted …

Waste Wise Program

Cases
Waste Wise is a free, voluntary program set up by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which attempts to eliminate costly municipal solid waste. Waste Wise targ…

Encouraging Bag Reuse at Shop Rite Supermarkets in New York City

Cases
In 1990, ShopRite began a customer bag reuse program called Save-A-Bag in their New York City stores to reduce the amount of landfill waste. The program involved providing educati…

An Investigation of Strategies, Incentives, and Operational Characteristics of Recycling Programs

Articles
Kim, S. M. (1995). An investigation of strategies, incentives, and operational characteristics of recycling programs. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 56, 4-B,
How can municipalities maximize and sustain citizen participation in solid waste recycling programs? Based on survey responses from 71 recycling coordinators, this research provid…

Evaluation of a Major Financial Incentive for In-Home Energy Conservation

Articles
Anderson, C. D., Colwill, N. L. & Kent, P. (1983). Evaluation of a major financial incentive for in-home energy conservation. Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 4, 363-376.
A mail questionnaire was utilized to provide baseline data on consumer's reactions to the Canadian Oil Substitution Program (COSP), a major financial incentive developed by the Ca…

"Stick" Works Better than "Carrot"

Forums
Steve Raney Palo Alto Jun 5, 2008 15:19 pm
Is there a study (or a strong argument) showing that "sticks" are more effective at changing behavior than "carrots?" This study could be for any sort of behavior change, not just…

Evaluating Participation in a Residential Recycling Program

Articles
Jacobs, H. E. & Bailey, J. S. (1982-83). Evaluating participation in a residential recycling program. Journal of Environmental Systems, 12, 2, 141-152.
The present study examined the effects of prompting, payment for material, a lottery, and frequency of collection on household participation in a residential recycling program. H…

Litter Reduction: A Review and Integration of the Literature. Special Issue: Litter Control and Recycling

Articles
Huffman, K. T., Grossnickle, W. F., Cope, J. G., & Huffman, K. P. (1995). Litter reduction: A review and integration of the literature. Special Issue: Litter control and recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27, 2, 153-183.
Examined 40 articles and 59 studies that employed either an antecedent strategy (ATS) or consequence strategy (CQS) to integrate behavioral and social changes in communities and i…

The Influence of Price and Attitude on Shifting Residential Electricity Consumption from On- to Off-Peak Periods

Articles
Heberlein, T. A., & Warriner, G. K. (1983). The influence of price and attitude on shifting residential electricity consumption from on- to off-peak periods. Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 1-2, 107-130.
During a 3-yr period, a stratified random sample of 590 residential electricity consumers in northeastern Wisconsin were placed on 1 of 3 time-of-day price ratios: 2 to 1, 4 to 1,…

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