An Analysis of Normative Messages in Signs at Recreation Settings

Articles
Winter, Patricia L.; Cialdini, Robert B.; Bator, Renee J.; Rhoads, Kelton; Sagarin, Brad J. (1998). An Analysis of Normative Messages in Signs at Recreation Settings. Journal of Interpretation Research, 3, 1, 39-47.
A systematic evaluation of signs and messages at 42 recreation areas in California and Arizona focused on type of site, managing agency, density of message locales, sign attribute…

Preferences for Landscape Choice in a Southwestern Desert City

Articles
Yabiku, S., Casagrande, D., & Farley-Metzger, E. (2008, May). Preferences for landscape choice in a Southwestern desert city. Environment and Behavior, 40(3), 382-400.
Through outdoor water consumption, residential landscaping behavior affects public policy and the environment in the American Southwest. We propose a decision framework based on c…

Social Norms: An Underestimated and Underemployed Lever for Managing Climate Change

Articles
Griskevicius,V., Cialdini, R.B., and Goldstein, N.J. (2008). Social Norms: An Underestimated and Underemployed Lever for Managing Climate Change. International Journal for Sustainability Communication, 3, 5-13.
It is widely recognized that communications that make social norms salient can be effective in influencing behavior. What is surprising, given the strength of the evidence, is how…

Effective Dissemination of Energy-Related Information: Applying Social Psychology and Evaluation Research

Articles
Dennis, M., Soderstrom, E.J., Koncinski, W.S., Cavanaugh, B. (1990). Effective Dissemination of Energy-Related Information: Applying Social Psychology and Evaluation Research. American Psychologist, 45(10), 1109.
Discusses the limitations of previous energy conservation programs in affecting the behavior of individual consumers. Suggests that the rational-economic model upon which they wer…

The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network

Articles
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2008). The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(21) 2249-2258.
Background: The prevalence of smoking has decreased substantially in the United States over the past 30 years. We examined the extent of the person-to-person spread of smoking beh…

Invoking Social Norms:A Social Psychology Perspective on Improving Hotels' Linen-Reuse Programs

Articles
Goldstein, N., Griskevicius, V., Cialdini, R. (2007). Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 48(2), 145-150.
Social psychology theory can be applied to such mundane purposes as encouraging guests to reuse their washroom towels. In contrast to the appeals now in use to persuade guests to …

Can One Make a Difference? Exploring the Differential Effects of Norm Salience and the Self-Monitoring Trait on the Norm Focus Theory's Application to Recycling Behavior

Articles
Dakin, S. A. Can one make a difference? Exploring the differential effects of norm salience and the self-monitoring trait on the Norm Focus Theory's application to recycling behavior. Vol. 56. 1998.
This study tested the Norm Focus Theory in the realm of recycling behavior. Results supported the theory's major tenet that making a social norm salient will produce behavior in a…

An Integrated Model of Waste Management Behavior: A Test of Household Recycling and Composting Intentions

Articles
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. An integrated model of waste management behavior: A test of household recycling and composting intentions. Vol. 27. 1995. 603-630.
Studied the antecedents of recycling and compositing intentions in the context of an integrated waste management behavior model. The model is based on the theory of planned behavi…

Prominent Factors Influencing Environmental Activities: Application of the Environmental Leadership Model (ELM). Special Issue: Leadership for Environmental and Social Change

Articles
Flannery, B. L., & May, D. R. Prominent factors influencing environmental activities: Application of the Environmental Leadership Model (ELM). Special Issue: Leadership for environmental and social change. Vol. 5. 1994. 201-221.
Presents the ELM, which specifies 4 prominent antecedents to an organization's environmental strategic formulation process. These factors include (1) moral norms and values for en…

"Norm"ally Distributed Data: The Differential Effects of Injunctive, Descriptive, and Personal Norms on Littering

Articles
Reno, R. R. "Norm"ally distributed data: The differential effects of injunctive, descriptive, and personal norms on littering. Vol. 52. 1991.

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