On the Risks of Recycling Because of Guilt: An Examination of the Consequences of Introjection

Articles
Koestner, R., Houlfort, N., Paquet, S., & Knight, C. (2001). On the risks of recycling because of guilt: An examination of the consequences of introjection. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(12), 2545-2560.
Examined the influence of introjected beliefs on proenvironmental behavior. 116 undergraduate students (aged 17-37 yrs) completed interviews concerning their recycling behavior an…

Combining Behavioral Theories to Predict Recycling Involvement

Articles
Oom Do Valle, P., Rebelo, E., Reis, E., & Menezes, J. (2005). Combining Behavioral Theories to Predict Recycling Involvement. Environment and Behavior, 37(3), 364-396. doi:10.1177/0013916504272563.
This study merges insights from two well-known attitude-behavior theories—the theory of planned behavior and the model of altruistic behavior—with elements from two broader models…

The Response to the Commitment with Block-Leader Recycling Promotion Technique: A Longitudinal Approach

Articles
Meneses, G., & Palacio, A. (2007). The response to the commitment with block-leader recycling promotion technique: A longitudinal approach. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 17(1-2), 83-102.
This article focuses on the study of the changes in consumers' recycling beliefs, attitudes, and behavior due to the application of one promotion technique: a commitment by block …

Validation, Persuasion and Recycling: Capitalizing on the Social Ecology of Newspaper Use

Articles
Werner, Carol M.; Byerly, Sari; White, Paul H.; Kieffer, Matthew (2004). Validation, Persuasion and Recycling: Capitalizing on the Social Ecology of Newspaper Use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 2, 183-198.
Two experiments used clinical validation to increase scrutiny of messages posted in public settings. The first experiment used a 2 (validation: no/yes) × 2 (persuasion: none/"it i…

Using Normative Social Influence to Promote Conservation Among Hotel Guests

Articles
Schultz, P. W., Khazian, A., Zaleski, A. (2008). Using normative social influence to promote conservation among hotel guests. Social Influence, 3(1), 4-23.
Three field experiments are reported on the ability of printed normative messages to influence conservation behavior among hotel guests. While prior research has shown that social…

Using Public Service Announcements to Change Behavior: No More Money and Oil Down the Drain

Articles
Nolan, J., Schultz, P., & Knowles, E. (2009). Using public service announcements to change behavior: No more money and oil down the drain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(5), 1035-1056.
Radio and television offer promising media for addressing large-scale social problems. Unfortunately, very few mass-media messages have utilized social psychological theories of p…

Changing Homeowners' Use of Toxic Household Products: A Transactional Approach

Articles
Werner, C. (2003). Changing homeowners' use of toxic household products: A transactional approach. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), 33-45
The present article examines how a multilevel persuasion program might induce environmental attitude and behavior change. An education and behavior change program was developed to…

Implementing a Community-Based Social Marketing Program to Increase Recycling

Articles
Haldeman, T. & Turner, J. (2009). Implementing a community-based social marketing program to increase recycling. Social Marketing Quarterly, 15(3), 114-127.
This article examines the effectiveness of implementing a community-based social marketing program to increase recycling. Researchers went door-to-door in a 200-home community dis…

Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment

Articles
Cialdini, R. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(4), 105-109. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01242.
It is widely recognized that communications that activate social norms can be effective in producing societally beneficial conduct. Not so well recognized are the circumstances un…

Changing Behavior with Normative Feedback Interventions: A Field Experiment on Curbside Recycling

Articles
Schultz, P. W. (1999). Changing behavior with normative feedback interventions: A field experiment on curbside recycling. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 1, 25-36.
Examined the effects of normative feedback on community curbside recycling, and predicted that activation of personal and social norms would lead to an increase in household recyc…

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