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Using a Normative Appeal to Control Litter at a Public Swimming Pool

Cases
Reich, J. W., & Robertson, J. L. (1979). Reactance and norm appeal in anti-littering messages. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 1, 91-101.
A literature review revealed that a statement that puts an extreme demand on a person is likely to elicit the undesirable behavior. On the other hand, a statement that creates a n…

Conserving Energy and Water at University of California at Santa Cruz with the Use of Norms and Prompts

Cases
Aronson, E. & O'Leary, M. (1982-83). The relative effectiveness of models and prompts on energy conservation: A field experiment in a shower room. Journal of Environmental Systems, 12, 3, 219-224.
After conducting a literature review, a norm appeal was incorporated into a pilot program designed to conserve water at the University of California at Santa Cruz. Although a sign…

Washington State Promotes the Purchase of Recycled Content Products With Prompts in the "Get in the Loop, Buy Recycled" Program

Cases
King County commission for Marketing Recyclable Materials & Atwood, A. M. (1994). Consumer research survey: Knowledge, attitudes, and purchase of recycled-content products. King County Commission for Marketing Recyclable Materials.
Washington State used market research to identify the primary barriers to buying recycled products. Although concerns about price and quality were not addressed during this campai…

The Effect of Sign Prompts and Modeling on Encouraging Dog Owners to Pick-up Dog Droppings in Chicago, Illinois

Cases
Jason, L. A., Zolik, E. S., & Matese, F. J. (1979). Prompting dog owners to pick up dog droppings. American Journal of Community Psychology, 7, 3, 339-351.
After conducting a literature review, sign prompts and modeling were identified as effective tool for encouraging dog owners to pick up after their dogs. Therefore, these tools we…

Using Verbal and Visual Prompts to Reduce Litter in High Schools in Perth, Australia

Cases
Houghton, S. (1993). Using verbal and visual prompts to control littering in high schools. Educational Studies, 19, 3, 247-254.
A literature review revealed that prompts were an effective tool in controlling litter. Therefore, verbal and visual prompts were incorporated into a pilot program designed to cur…

Reducing Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption Using Feedback and Incentives in Voorschoten, Netherlands, ,

Cases
Midden, C. J., Meter, J. E., Weenig, M. H., & Zieverink, H. J. (1983). Using feedback, reinforcement and information to reduce energy consumption in
After conducting a literature review, a pilot program was designed to reduce energy consumption in apartment complexes. Ninety-one households were divided into 4 conditions. All g…

The Effect of Mild and Strong Public Commitments on Energy Conservation in Jackson, Michigan

Cases
Shippee, G. E., & Gregory, W. L. (1982). Public commitment and energy conservation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 1, 81-93.
Commitment is often an effective behavior change tool in promoting sustainable behavior. After conducting a literature review, two types of commitment were identified as influenti…

Using Commitment and Communication to Increase Grass Cycling in Suburban Neighborhoods

Cases
Cobern, M. K., Porter, B.E., Leeming, F.C., & Dwyer, W.O. (1995). The effect of commitment on adoption and diffusion of grass cycling. Special Issue: Litter control and recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27, 2, 213-232.
First, a literature was conducted to identify the most effective behavior change tools to encourage grass cycling. Then, three homogeneous suburban neighborhoods were observed for…

Using a Colourful, Specially Designed Waste Receptacle to Reduce Litter in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri

Cases
Finnie, W. C. (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environment and Behavior, 5, 2, 123-144.
First, a literature review was conducted to uncover possible tools for reducing the amount of litter in a city environment. Then, a specially designed waste receptacle with a prom…

Excuse Me Do You Recycle? Public Participation in Curbside Recycling in the UK.

Cases
In 1990, the UK government set a target for the recycling of 25% of household waste by the year 2000. With this new target, many local authorities began to re-think their recyclin…

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