Habits, Hardware, and Energy Conservation

Articles
Stern, P. C., & Gardner, G. T. (1981). Habits, hardware, and energy conservation. American Psychologist, 36, 4, 426-428.
Replies to R. A. Winnett and E. S. Geller's (1981) comment that P. C. Stern and G. T. Gardner (see PA, Vol 67:1169) underemphasized the importance of behavioral changes and overst…

What Psychology Knows about Energy Conservation

Articles
Stern, P. C. (1992). What psychology knows about energy conservation. American Psychologist, 47, 10, 1224-1232.
Psychological research in the 1970s and early 1980s contributed to understanding the determinants of energy use and energy conservation, particularly in households. This article r…

The Home Power Movement: Technology, Behavior, and the Environment

Articles
Tatum, J. S. The home power movement: Technology, behavior, and the environment. Human Dimensions, 2, 141-149.
Extended interviews with about 50 widely distributed participants in the Home Power movement suggest that approximately 25,000 homes in the U. S. now rely on their own photovolt…

Patterns of Residential Energy Behavior

Articles
van-Raaij, W. F., & Verhallen, T. M. (1983). Patterns of residential energy behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 4, 1-2, 85-106.
Investigated energy-related behavioral patterns, based on self-reported behaviors of 145 households in Vlaardingen, the Netherlands. Energy-related behavior may not be a separate …

The Effect of Goal-Setting and Daily Electronic Feedback on In-Home Energy Use

Articles
Van-Houwelingen, J. H. & Van-Raaij, W. F. (1989). The effect of goal-setting and daily electronic feedback on in-home energy use. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 1, 98-105.
Compared the effects of daily electronic feedback (DEF) with monthly external feedback (MEF) and with self-monitoring (SMO) of energy use in 325 single family homes in the Netherl…

A Behavioral Model of Residential Energy Use

Articles
van-Raaij, W. F., & Verhallen, T. M. (1983). A behavioral model of residential energy use. Journal of Economic Psychology, 3, 1, 39-63.
Proposes a model that relates personal, environmental (e.g., home), and behavioral factors to energy use. This model is instrumental in relating variables that determine energy us…

Energy Conservation: Two Easy Ways Out

Articles
Van-der-Pligt, J. (1985). Energy conservation: Two easy ways out. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1, 3-15.
Investigated attitude-behavior relationships in the context of energy conservation, using data from questionnaires administered to 219 Dutch Ss (average age 43.9 yrs) from rural a…

Environmental Concern: The Development of a Measure

Articles
Weigel, R. & Weigel, J. (1978). Environmental concern: The development of a measure. Environment and Behavior, 10, 1, 3-15.
In a master-metered apartment complex, electricity use is metered at a single point for all tenants so that tenants do not pay energy bills based on their individual use. An exper…

Energy Demand Behavior in a Master-Metered Apartment Complex: An Experimental Analysis

Articles
Walker, J. M. (1979). Energy demand behavior in a master-metered apartment complex: An experimental analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 2, 190-196.
In a master-metered apartment complex, electricity use is metered at a single point for all tenants so that tenants do not pay energy bills based on their individual use. An exper…

Energy Conservation Research of California's Utilities: A Meta-Evaluation

Articles
White, L. T., Archer, D., Aronson, E., Condelli, L., Curbow, B., McLeod, B., Pettigrew, T. F., & Yates, S. (1984). Energy conservation research of California's utilities: A meta-evaluation. Evaluation Review, 8, 2, 167-186.
More than 200 evaluations of energy conservation programs conducted by California's 4 major utilities between 1977 and 1980 are reviewed and critiqued. In general, the evaluations…

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