Litter Reduction: A Review and Integration of the Literature. Special Issue: Litter Control and Recycling

Articles
Huffman, K. T., Grossnickle, W. F., Cope, J. G., & Huffman, K. P. (1995). Litter reduction: A review and integration of the literature. Special Issue: Litter control and recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27, 2, 153-183.
Examined 40 articles and 59 studies that employed either an antecedent strategy (ATS) or consequence strategy (CQS) to integrate behavioral and social changes in communities and i…

Recycling as Altruistic Behavior: Normative and Behavioral Strategies to Expand Participation in a Community Recycling Program

Articles
Hopper, J. R., & Nielsen, J. M. (1991). Recycling as altruistic behavior: Normative and behavioral strategies to expand participation in a community recycling program. Environment and Behavior, 23, 2, 195-220.
Experimental and survey data from 122 residents of a large urban neighborhood with a community-wide curbside recycling program confirm that recycling behavior is consistent with S…

Using Social Norms to Reduce Household Energy Consumption

Cases
Schultz P. W., Nolan J. M., Cialdini R. B., Goldstein N. J., Griskevicius Vladas (2007). The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429-434.
Background  In the two projects described below, information was delivered to households in order to foster norms that support reduced electricity consumption.  These projects ma…

The Check, Clean, Dry Campaign

Cases
New Zealand is an island nation that lies deep in the South Pacific. It consists of two main islands – the North Island and the South Island – separated by a 29km wide waterway, t…

Successfully Changing Individual Travel Behavior: Applying Community-Based Social Marketing to Travel Choice

Articles
Cooper, C. (2007). Successfully changing individual travel behavior: Applying community-based social marketing to travel choice. Transportation Research Record, (2021), pp. 88-99.
This paper demonstrates that community-based social marketing techniques can be successfully used to affect people's transportation awareness and behavior, as deployed in Washingt…

Using Community-Based Social Marketing Techniques to Enhance Environmental Regulation

Articles
Kennedy, A. (2010). Using Community-Based Social Marketing Techniques to Enhance Environmental Regulation. Sustainability, 2(4), 1138-1160
This article explores how environmental regulation may be improved through the use of community-based social marketing techniques. While regulation is an important tool of sustain…

Changing Homeowners' Behaviors Involving Toxic Household Chemicals: A Psychological, Multilevel Approach

Articles
Werner, C., & Adams, D. (2001). Changing homeowners' behaviors involving toxic household chemicals: A psychological, multilevel approach. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy (ASAP), 1(1), 1-32.
We describe an education and behavior change program with a multi-level approach. The program goal is to change how people think about, use, store, and dispose of toxic household …

The Application of Persuasion Theory to the Development of Effective Proenvironmental Public Service Announcements

Articles
Bator, Renee J; Cialdini, Robert B. (2000). The application of persuasion theory to the development of effective proenvironmental public service announcements. . Journal of Social Issues, 56, 3, 527-541.
The goal of this article is to provide specific guidelines to help create effective proenvironmental public service announcements (PSAs). Campaign designers are encouraged to …

Changing Behavior with Normative Feedback Interventions: A Field Experiment on Curbside Recycling

Articles
Schultz, P. W. (1999). Changing behavior with normative feedback interventions: A field experiment on curbside recycling. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 1, 25-36.
Examined the effects of normative feedback on community curbside recycling, and predicted that activation of personal and social norms would lead to an increase in household recyc…

Covenants without Swords: Group Identity, Norms, and Communications in Social Dilemmas

Articles
Bicchieri, C. (2002). Covenants without swords: Group identity, norms, and communications in social dilemmas. Rationality and Society, 14(2), 192-228. doi:10.1177/1043463102014002003.
In one-shot social dilemma experiments, cooperation rates dramatically increase if subjects are allowed to communicate before making a choice. There are two possible explanations …

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