Energy Conservation Behavior: The Difficult Path from Information to Action
Costanzo, M., Archer, D., Aronson, E., & Pettigrew, T. (1986). Energy conservation behavior: The difficult path from information to action. American Psychologist, 41, 5, 521-528.
Positive Communication Toolkit Available on Conservation Optimism's Website
Are People Acting Irrationally? Understanding Public Concerns about Environmental Threats
Wandersman, A. H. & Hallman, W. K. Are people acting irrationally? Understanding public concerns about environmental threats. Vol. 48. 1993. 681-686.
The Influence of Message Framing On University Student's Intent to Participate in Sustainable Behavior
Davis, J. J. (1995). The effects of message framing on response to environmental communications. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72, 2, 285-299.
The Effects of an Ambiguous, Negative Sign Prompt and a Clearly-Stated Positive Sign Prompt on Intentions to Litter
Horsley, A. D. (1988). The unintended effects of a posted sign on littering attitudes and stated intentions. Journal of Environmental Education, 19, 3, 10-14.
Designing Effective Instructional Signs with Schema Theory: Case Studies of Polystyrene Recycling
Werner, C. M., Rhodes, M.U. & Partain, K. K. (1998). Designing effective instructional signs with schema theory: Case studies of polystyrene recycling. Environment and Behavior, 30, 5, 709-735.
Sensitizing People by Making the Abstract Concrete: Study of the Effect of "Hiroshima-Nagasaki: 1945"
Granberg, D. & Faye, N. (1972). Sensitizing people by making the abstract concrete: Study of the effect of "Hiroshima-Nagasaki: 1945.". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42, 5, 811-815.
Reactance and Norm Appeal in Anti-Littering Messages
Reich, J. W., & Robertson, J. L. (1979). Reactance and norm appeal in anti-littering messages. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 1, 91-101.
Putting the Fear Back into Fear Appeals: The Extended Parallel Process Model
Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59, 4, 329-349.
Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior
Lindenberg, S., & Steg, L. (2007). Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 117-137. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00499.x.
