Factors Necessary for the Social Diffusion of Social Energy in New England

Cases
Sawyer, S.W. (1982). Leaders in change: Solar energy owners and the implications for future adoption rates. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,21, 201-211.

The Implementation of Set-Back Thermostats and Social Diffusion in Twin Rivers, New Jersey

Cases
Darley, J. M., & Beniger, J. R. (1981). Diffusion of energy-conserving innovations. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 2, 150-171.
After conducting a literature review, a time -controlled set-back thermostat was used as an innovation to reduce energy consumption. Residents in a three-block area in Twin Rivers…

The Use of Prompts in Reducing Electricity Consumption in University Classrooms

Cases
Luyben, P. D. (1980). Effects of informational prompts on energy conservation in college classrooms. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 4, 611-617.
In order to reduce the occurrence of lights being left on in unused classrooms, a pilot program was initiated. Since a literature review revealed prompts to be effective in energy…

Reducing Residential Water Consumption with Feedback in Melbourne, Australia

Cases
Aitken, C. K., McMahon, T. A., Wearing, A. J. & Finlayson, B. L. (1994). Residential water use: Predicting and reducing consumption. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 2, 136-158.
Since residential water use is quite high in Melbourne, Australia, a pilot program was designed to lower consumption. First, a literature review was conducted to identify behavior…

Using Verbal and Visual Prompts to Reduce Litter in High Schools in Perth, Australia

Cases
Houghton, S. (1993). Using verbal and visual prompts to control littering in high schools. Educational Studies, 19, 3, 247-254.
A literature review revealed that prompts were an effective tool in controlling litter. Therefore, verbal and visual prompts were incorporated into a pilot program designed to cur…

Improving Participation in a Newspaper Recycling Program in Apartment Complexes Using Prompts

Cases
Reid, D. H., Luyben, P. D., Rawers, R. J. & Bailey, J. S. (1976). Newspaper recycling behavior: the effects of prompting and proximity of containers. Environment and Behavior, 8, 471-481.
A literature review revealed that prompts are an effective method to improve participation in recycling programs. Furthermore, recycling increases when containers are in close pro…

The Use of Prompts in Increasing Recycling in Academic University Departments

Cases
Austin, J., Hatfield, D. B., Grindle, A. C., & Bailey, J. S. (1993). Increasing recycling in office environments: The effects of specific, informative cues. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 2, 247-253.
In order to increase participation in a university recycling program, a literature review was conducted to uncover effective behavior change tools. Then, prompts were incorporated…

Using a Colourful, Specially Designed Waste Receptacle to Reduce Litter in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri

Cases
Finnie, W. C. (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environment and Behavior, 5, 2, 123-144.
First, a literature review was conducted to uncover possible tools for reducing the amount of litter in a city environment. Then, a specially designed waste receptacle with a prom…

Using a Normative Appeal to Control Litter at a Public Swimming Pool

Cases
Reich, J. W., & Robertson, J. L. (1979). Reactance and norm appeal in anti-littering messages. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 1, 91-101.
A literature review revealed that a statement that puts an extreme demand on a person is likely to elicit the undesirable behavior. On the other hand, a statement that creates a n…

The Effects of an Ambiguous, Negative Sign Prompts and a Clearly-Stated Positive Sign Prompt on Intentions to Litter

Cases
Horsley, A. D. (1988). The unintended effects of a posted sign on littering attitudes and stated intentions. Journal of Environmental Education, 19, 3, 10-14.
A literature review revealed that sign prompts can be effective in reducing the amount of litter. In order to further investigate the effects of prompts, a questionnaire was given…

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